Abstract
THE MANIFESTATIONS OF JAMAL AND JALAL IN FUZÛLÎ’S TURKISH GHAZALS (THEIR CYCLE/ UNITY)
This study investigates the Turkish ghazals of Fuzûlî, one of the pinnacle figures of Classical Turkish poetry and Sufi literature, within the framework of the manifestations of jamal (divine grace, beauty) and jalal (divine wrath, majesty), which constitute the fundamental building blocks of Islamic ontology and Sufism. The Sufi motivations behind the lover’s endurance against cruelty, suffering, and the wounds of separation in Divan poetry are methodologically analyzed in the light of the religious-narrative sources embedded within the poet's couplets. Relevant couplets addressing these manifestations were identified, and those best reflecting the core themes were commentated through a mystical perspective and classified under nine thematic headings. The analysis reveals that Sufi concepts viewing tribulations as means of purification and spiritual elevation, and achieving tranquility through self-annihilation (fana fillah), are frequently recurring themes in Fuzûlî’s ghazals. Ultimately, it is observed that Fuzûlî’s poetic aesthetic transforms jalal and jamal from two mutually destructive opposing poles into complementary divine methods of spiritual education that give birth to one another in accordance with the principle of coincidentia oppositorum (unity of opposites), leading the servant from the darkness of multiplicity (kathrah) to the light of unity (wahdah).
Keywords
Fuzûlî, Sufism, ghazal, jamal and jalal, wrath and grace, unity of opposites, multiplicity and unity