TEZKİREÇİLER XANEDANI
(DYNASTY OF TAZKIRA WRITERS
)
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Yazar
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:
Prof. Dr. Vüsale Musalı
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Türü |
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Telif
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Baskı Yılı |
:
2014
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Sayı |
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3
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Sayfa |
:
179-192
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Özet
Az?rbaycan t?zkir?çiliyi dedikd? az?rbaycanlı mü?llifl?rin türk v? fars dill?rind? yazdıqları t?zkir?l?r n?z?rd? tutulur. Az?rbaycan t?zkir?çiliyi d? Osmanlı t?zkir?çiliyi kimi XVI ?srd?n etibar?n Herat t?zkir?l?rinin t?siri altında yaranıb inkişaf etmişdir. Z?ngin inkişaf yolu keçmiş Az?rbaycan t?zkir?çiliyi indiy? kimi sistemli v? n?z?ri t?dqiqatdan k?narda qalmışdır. Az?rbaycan t?zkir?çil?rinin q?l?m? aldığı 46 t?zkir?d?n 8-i Az?rbaycan türkc?sind? n?şr olunmuşdur.
Az?rbaycan t?zkir?l?rini yazıldığı dövr v? m?kana gör? sisteml?şdir?n zaman Az?rbaycanlı mü?llifl?r t?r?find?n XVI ?srd? 4, XVII ?srd? 2, XVIII ?srd? 5, XIX ?srd? 22, XX ?srd? 12, XXI ?srd? is? 1 t?zkir?nin yazıldığı m?lum olmuşdur. Onlar öz t?zkir?l?rini ?rd?bil, T?briz, İsfahan, Şamaxı, L?nk?ran, Şuşa, Kütahya, Heyd?rabad, M?kk?, Bakı v? s. kimi müxt?lif coğrafi ?razil?rd? q?l?m? almışlar.
Az?rbaycan t?zkir?l?ri ist?r dil öz?llikl?ri, ist?r t?rtib üsulu v? ist?rs? d? m?zmun etibaril? orijinaldır. Bu t?zkir?l?ri dil baxımından d?y?rl?ndir?rk?n 5 qrupda t?snif etm?k mümkündür: a) t?hkiy? hiss?si Türkc? yazılan v? yalnız Türkc? şeirl?rd?n nümun?l?ri ?hat? ed?n t?zkir?l?r; b) t?hkiy? hiss?si türkc? olan, h?m türkc?, h?m d? Farsca şeirl?rd?n örn?kl?rin verildiyi t?zkir?l?r; c) h?m t?hkiy? hiss?sinin, h?m d? poeziya nümun?l?rinin iki dild? (türkc? v? farsca) yazıldığı t?zkir?l?r; d) t?hkiy? hiss?si fars dilind? q?l?m? alınan, h?m fars, h?m d? türkc? nümun?l?rin t?qdim olunduğu t?zkir?l?r; e) h?m t?hkiy? qismi, h?m d? şeir nümun?l?ri farsca olan t?zkir?l?r.
Az?rbaycan t?zkir?l?rini ?hat? etdikl?ri coğrafiyaya gör? üç növ? – ümumş?rq, ümumaz?rbaycan v? m?h?lli t?zkir?l?r? ayırmaq mümkündür. Az?rbaycan t?zkir?l?ri b?hs etdikl?ri zamana gör? mü?yy?n zaman dilimini ?hat? ed?n t?zkir?l?rd?n v? zaman m?hdudiyy?ti qoyulmayan t?zkir?l?rd?n ibar?tdir.
Az?rbaycan t?zkir?çil?ri öz ?s?rl?rind? m?lumat verdikl?ri şairl?ri t?b?q?, ?lifba, coğrafi, xronoloji prinsipl?r? gör? t?qdim etmişl?r. B?zi t?zkir?çil?rimiz ?d?bi nümun?l?rin janrlarına gör? öz t?zkir?l?rini t?rtib etmişl?r. Sistemsiz q?l?m? alınmış t?zkir?l?rimiz? d? rast g?lm?k mümkündür.
Az?rbaycan t?zkir?l?rinin b?zil?rinin mü?llifl?ri şah¬za¬d?¬l?r¬dir. Bel? ki, F?t?li şahın oğulları v? n?v?l?ri olan Qacar şahzad?l?ri t?r?find?n bir sıra şü?ra t?zkir?l?ri q?l?m? alınmışdır. Qacarlar ?sl?n Az?rbaycan türkl?rind?n olub, t?xmin?n 130 il boyunca İranda şahlıq etmişl?r. Apardığımız araşdırmalar n?tic?sind? dey? bil?rik ki, dig?r türk xalqlarında bir n?slin nümay?nd?l?rinin t?zkir? yazma ?n?n?si olmamışdır. 9 Qacar şahzad?si (Mahmud mir¬z?, Seyfüddövl? Sultan M?h?mm?d Ta¬ğı, B?hm?n mirz?, Hülaku mir¬z?, Xudaverdi xan, M?¬h?mm?d Bağır xan, Heyd?rqulu mir¬z?, M?h?mm?dqulu mir¬z?, ?li Rza mirz?) farsca 11 t?zkir? q?l?m? alaraq t?zkir?çilik tarixini z?nginl?şdirmişl?r. Hazırkı m?qal?d? xronoloji prinsip ?sasında onların t?zkir?l?ri haqqında m?lumat ver?c?yik.
Anahtar Kelimeler
t?zkir?, Qacarlar, Az?rbaycan türkl?ri, farsca, XIX ?sr.
Abstract
The term “Azerbaijanian tazkira writing” means tazkiras of Azerbaijanian authors in Turkish and Persian languages. Like the Ottoman tazkira writing, Azerbaijan tazkira writing also has been formed and developed under the influence of Herat tazkiras since the 16-th century. Azerbaijan tazkira writing, which crossed the way of rich development, remained outside from the systematic and theoretical studies. From 46 tazkiras, which were written by Azerbaijanian authors, only 8 tazkiras were published in Azerbaijanian Turkish language.
When we systematized Azerbaijanian tazkiras in writing epoch and place, we found that Azerbaijanian authors had completed 4 tazkiras in XVI century, 2 tazkiras in XVII century, 5 tazkiras in XVIII century, 22 tazkiras in XIX century, 12 tazkiras in XX century and 1 tazkira in XXI century. They wrote these tazkiras in different geographical regions, such as Ardabil, Tabriz, Isfahan, Shamakhi, Lankaran, Shusha, Kutahya, Haydarabad, Mecca, Baku etc.
Azerbaijanian tazkiras are from points of views of linguistic peculiarities and the preparation methods and contents are original. If we estimate these tazkiras from linguistic point of view, we may classify them into 5 groups: a) tazkiras with prose and poetry parts written in Turkish; b) tazkiras with prose parts written in Turkish and poetry examples in Turkish and Persian; c) tazkiras which have both prose and poetry parts written in 2 languages (Turkish and Persian); d) tazkiras with prose parts in Persian, but poetry examples in 2 languages (Turkish and Persian); e) tazkiras with both prose and poetry parts written in Persian.
According to geographical coverage, Azerbaijan tazkiras may be classified into 3 types: generally Eastern, generally Azerbaijanian and local tazkiras. According to time, Azerbaijanian tazkiras consisted of limited and unlimited works.
Azerbaijanian tazkira writers introduced poets based on their social status, alphabetical system of pan-names, geographical regions and chronological principle. Also, a few of our tazkira writers completed their works according to genres of literary examples. We also found unsystematic tazkiras in our literature.
Authors of some Azerbaijanian tazkiras were Princes. So, a number of tazkiras were completed by Qajar Princes, sons and grand-sons of Fath Ali Shah. Qajars are from Azerbaijanian Turks by origin and for nearly 130 years they ruled in Iran as “Shahs”. As the result of our research we can say that in other Turkish people we did not find a rich tradition of tazkira-writing written by a huge number of writers originated from a dynasty. Nine (9) Qajar Princes (Mahmud Mirza, Sayfuddawla, Sultan Muhammad Taghi, Bahman Mirza, Hulagu Mirza, Khudaverdi Khan, Muhammad Baghir Khan, Haydarkulu Mirza, Muhammadkulu Mirza and Ali Riza Mirza) wrote 11 tazkiras in Persian and therefore enriched the history of tazkira-writing. In this current article we present information on their tazkiras in chronological order.
Keywords
tazkira, Gajars, Azerbaijanian Turks, Persian, XIX century.